Woven fabric



D. B. KBRR.

WOVEN FABRIC.

(No Model.)

No. 353,790. Patented Dec. 7, 1886.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID B. KEER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part o Letters Patent No. 353,790, dated December 7, 1886.

Application filed July 31, 1885. Serial No. 173,178. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, DAVID B. KERR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Voven Fabrics; and Ido hereby declare that the following,taken in connection with the annexed drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, and is suiiicient to enable ot-hers skilled in the art to practice my invention.

The object of my invention is to produce in a woven fabric a variety of shades of color in the pattern or figure by a new way of interweaving the warp and weft threads, avoiding the expense of eXtra colors in the warp and weft threads.

My invention consists in the combination of two warps of the same color with two or more colored weft-threads.. The warp-threads are so arranged in the loom-harness as to workin pairs, with a binder warp thread in the center of each pair, as will be hereinafter described.

Reference is had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which Figures 1 to 1,4 represent cross-sections show ing'variou's collocations of the warp and weft threads of a fabric woven according to my invention. They are not intended to represent the threads as of the proper size or as driven up in a nished fabric, but are intended to aid in defining the character of the fabric and the preferred manner of making the same.

In describing the warp-threads as up and as down,77 it is to be understood that they are shown above or below particular shots of weft.

My invention is especially applicable to all fabrics with one color for warp-threads and different colors for weft-threads, such as upholstery fabrics, shawls, carpets, &c.

In weaving my improved fabric I prefer to use the well-known common Jacquard loom, provided with a shuttlebox motion to work two or more colors, pick and pick, and two warp-beams.

Referring to the drawings, similar letters and figures of reference refer to similar parts throughout the several viws.

A and B represent the weft-threads, 1 and 2 the warp-threads. The warp-threads l I call the binder warp. These threads are all wound on one beam. The warp-threads 2 I call the figuring warp. These threads are all wound on another beam. In the warpsthere are two figuring threads to one binder-thread. These warp-threads are drawnin the Jacquard harness in the following order: A figuring warp-thread, 2, then a binder warp-thread, l, then a figuring warp-thread, 2. This makes a pair of figuring warp-threads with one binder warp-thread in the middle and three warpthreads in a set. This manner of drawing in the warp-threads in pairs and sets is repeated the full width of the wai-ps.

The harness-cords connecting the lftingbars or trap-boards of the Jacquard that operate the figuring warp-threads 2 may be connected single or double-that is, if double, each of the t-wo heddle-eyes of a pair of the figuring warp-threads 2 may be connected so as to be operated by one needle of the Jacquard. This arrangement increases the capacity of the machine one-third.

In selecting the colors of yarn to produce my improved woven fabric, I take two warps having threads all of the saine color, and two wefts, each of a different color. The binding warpthreads 1 I prefer to be finer than the figuring warp-treads 2, as the binder warpthreads are not intended to show much in the shading of the figures.

In describing the manner of producing the shades of colors in my improved woven fabric, wc will suppose that the two warps 1 and 2 are all black, the weft A yellow, and the weft B red.

The manner of lifting the warp-threads and inserting the weft to produce different shades of colors is as follows: For the first shot of weft A, (yellow,) Figure 1, one half of the iiguring-warps and binder-warp are up and half down. For the second shot, Fig. 1, all the figuring warp-threads are up, and the binder warpthreads have not changed from the rst pick. The weft in this second shot is B, (red.) For the third shot A, Fig. 2, half of the iiguring and binding warp is up and half down. For the next or fourth shot B, Fig. 2, all the guring warp-threads are up, and the binding warp-threads are not changed from the third shot. The four shots shownin Figs. 1 and 2 will ICC give or make a checker pattern of black and yellow on the face and a red plain weave on the back. For the rst shot. in Fig. 3, the warpthreads are evenly divided, half up and half down; but it will be noticed that the binder warp-threads 1 of each Vpair 2 are uprwhere the pair 2 is down,and down where the pair2 is up. For the second shotB of Fig. 3, all of the guring warp-threads 2 are up, and the binderth reads are same as for the first shot,.Fig. 3. The warpthreads in Fig. 4 are in positions there- Verse of those shown in Fig. 3. Figs. 3 and4 will make a dark shading with the yellow weft on the face and a plainA red on the back. If the red weft be thrown on the face, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10,2. darkershade will be given, and the yellow weft will show on the back. Figs. 5 and 6 show a shading in which all the figuring warp-threads lie between the yellow and red wefts, and only the binding warpthreads appear on faceand back. By this set a shading of red or yellow weft may be made on one or both sides of the cloth. Figs. 7 and 8 showa shading in which both the yellow and red wefts are picked into the same sheds This set,Figs. 7 and 8,will make a checker pattern on both sides of the cloth, showing a mixture Vof red and yellow wefts. Figs. 9 and 10 show the saine sheds as Figs. 3 and 4, but a change of they wefts, the red showing on the face and the yellow on the back. Figs.11,12, 13, and 14 show a set of eight shots. In these shots the weft shows but little on the face; but the warp-threads show in heavy black corded twills` the weft in yellow dots, and the back will be red. ,For the iirst shot of yellow weft, Fig. 11, the binder warp threads are evenly dividedhalf up and half down-and of the figuring warpthreads the first six are up, the next two down, the next six up, and the next two down. For

the second shot, red weft, Fig. 11, the figuring warp-threads are all up, and the binding warp threads have not changed from the first4 shot, Fig. 11. For the third shot, yellow weft, Fig. 12, the binder warp-threads are evenly divided-half up and halfdownand show the reverse to what is shown in Fig. ll-that is, those threads that are shown up in Fig. 11 are shown down in Fig. 12. Of the figuring warp-threads the iirst four are up, the next two down, the nextsix np,.the nexttwo down, the next two up. For the fourth shot, red

weft, Fig. 12, all the guringwarp-threads are lip, and the binder-threads have not been changed from` the position for the third shot, Fig. 12. For the fifth shot, Fig. 13, (yellow weft,) the binder warp-threads have changed or reversed from position shown in Fig. 12; but they show half up and half 'down. The figuring warp-threads show the first two up, the next two down, the next six up, and the next two down, and the next four up.` the sixth shot of weft, (red,) Fig. 13, all the figuring warp-threads are up, and the binder warp-threads have not changed from the position for the fifth shot, Fig. 13. For the sev- `enth shot, (yellow weft,) Fig. 14, theV binder warp-threads have changed from the position shown in Fig. 13, but half are up and halfare shown down. Of the figuring warp-threads the first two aredown, the next six are up, the next two down, the next six 11p. For the eighth shot, Fig. 14, (red weft,) all the figuring warp-threads are up, and the binder warpthreads have noty changed from the position for the seventh shot of Fig. 14.

It is obvious to any one skilled in the art ot' weaving that morevthan two colors of wefts may be used, and thffse wefts, as desired, may be thrown on the face or back, or together, and a variety of shadesin the figures may be made with a few colors.

In the foregoing description I havedescribed my invention as4 produced in a Jacquard ma- 8 chine; but the binding warp-threads may be mounted in two heddles, workingtwo shots up and two shots` down, and this, with the harnesscords for each pair of liguring-warps con# nected to one needle will double the capacity of the machine.

I do not broadly claim producing a variety of shades of color by the interweaving ofwarp and weft threads ot' different colors; but

IVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letl ters Patent, is-- The combination of two or more wefts, each of a different color, with figuring warpthreads, and a binder warp-thread'between the two iguring warp-threads of each pair, as shown, de- [oo scribed, and for the purpose specified.

DAVID B. KEER.

Witnesses:

J oHN SHINN, JOSEPH l?. COBB.

For 

